vt.

1. 磨（碎）；碾（碎）；磨成[（+up/from/into）]
   The flour was ground from barley.

   这面粉用大麦碾成。

2. 磨快；磨光；磨薄；磨成……形
   I have to grind the knife; it is blunt.

   我得磨刀；它钝了。

3. 咬（牙）；嘎嘎地响
   He ground his teeth in anger.

   他气得咬牙切齿。

4. 折磨；压榨[（+down）]
5. 用力挤压[O]
   He ground out his cigarette.

   他把香烟掐灭。

6. 【口】苦心地教，反复地灌输[（+into）]

vi.

1. 磨；碾；磨碎；磨光；磨快
2. 摩擦得嘎嘎响
   Heavy tanks ground through the square.

   重型坦克嘎嘎地穿过广场。

3. 【口】刻苦地做；苦学[Q][（+away/at/for）]
   He is grinding away for the examination.

   他正在拼命用功准备考试。

n.

1. 磨，研磨；磨擦声[U][C]
2. 【口】苦差使；单调的事；苦学[U][S1]
   Hans finds learning Chinese a grind.

   汉斯觉得学习汉语是件苦事。

3. 【美】【口】用功的学生[C]

v.

1. reduce to small particles or powder by crushing.
2. sharpen, smooth, or produce by crushing or friction.
   ▸operate (a mill or machine) by turning the handle.
3. rub together gratingly.
   ▸press or rub (something) into a surface.
4. move noisily and laboriously.
   ▸ (grind something out) produce something laboriously.
   ▸ (often grind away) work or study hard.
5. (grind someone down) wear someone down with harsh treatment.
   ▸ [as adj. grinding] oppressive and seemingly endless:

   grinding poverty.
6. informal (of a dancer) rotate the hips erotically.

n.

1. an act or process of grinding.
2. hard dull work:
   the daily grind.
   ▸US informal an excessively hard-working student.