n.

1. 认可；批准[U]
   Official sanction has not yet been given.

   尚未获得正式批准。

2. 赞许；支持；鼓励[U][S1][（+for）]
   There is no sanction for autocracy.

   没有人赞成独裁统治。

3. 国际制裁[P][（+against）]
   The UN imposed economic sanctions against Iraq.

   联合国对伊拉克实施经济制裁。

4. （为保证法律得到遵守的）奖惩附加条款[C]
5. （道德的）约束力[C][（+against）]

vt.

1. 认可；批准
   The church would not sanction his second marriage.

   教会不会认可他的第二次婚姻。

2. 赞许；支持；鼓励
   They refused to sanction segregation.

   他们拒绝支持种族隔离。

3. 对……实施制裁

n.

1. a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
   ▸ (sanctions) measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct.
   ▸Ethics  a consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct.
2. official permission or approval for an action.
   ▸official confirmation or ratification of a law.
   ▸Law,  historical a law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical one.

v.

1. give official sanction for.
2. impose a sanction or penalty on.