vt.

1. 抓；搔
   He pretended to scratch his ear.

   他假装搔耳朵。

2. 抓破，划破；抓伤，划伤
   His arms were scratched by thorns.

   他的手臂被荆棘划破了。

3. （用爪子等）扒出，挖出[（+out）]
   The cat scratched a hole in the ground.

   猫在地上扒了一个洞。

4. 擦；刮
   We scratched the paint off the wall.

   我们刮掉了墙上的油漆。

5. 勾掉；删去；取消[（+off/out）]
   His name was scratched from the list.

   他的名字被从名单上划掉了。

6. 潦草地涂写；乱划
   He scratched a note and put it on her desk.

   他草草写了一张字条放在她书桌上。

7. 划出，刻出；划掉，刮掉[O]
   He scratched his name on the bridge with a knife.

   他用刀子将自己的名字刻在桥上。

8. （辛苦地）凑（钱）[（+up/together）]

vi.

1. 抓；搔
   The cat scratches.

   这猫要抓人。

2. 作刮擦声
   A dog scratched at the door to be let in.

   狗嚓嚓地抓门要想进来。

3. 退出比赛；未能践约
4. 勉强糊口[（+along）]

n.

1. 刮痕；抓痕；擦伤[C]
   He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches.

   他跌入荆棘丛，弄得伤痕累累。

2. 刮擦声[C]
   He heard the scratch of a match.

   他听到划火柴的声音。

3. 乱涂；乱划[C]
4. 【牌】零分[U]
5. 起跑线[U]
6. （竞赛等的）弃权者[C]
7. 【美】【俚】钱[U]

a.[Z][B]

1. 碰巧的，偶然的
2. 凑合的，匆匆组成的
   Theirs is a scratch team and did not expect to win the game.

   他们是临时组建的球队，没有期望赢得这场比赛。

3. 打草稿用的

v.

1. score or mark with a sharp or pointed object.
   ▸make a long, narrow superficial wound in the skin of.
   ▸rub (a part of one's body) with one's fingernails to relieve itching.
   ▸(of a bird or mammal) rake the ground with the beak or claws in search of food.
   ▸ (often scratch around/along) make a living or find resources with difficulty.
2. cancel or strike out (writing) with a pen or pencil.
   ▸withdraw from a competition.
   ▸cancel or abandon (an undertaking or project).
3. play a record using the scratch technique.

n.

1. a mark or wound made by scratching.
   ▸informal a slight or insignificant wound or injury.
   ▸an act or period of scratching.
2. the starting point in a race for a competitor that is not given a handicap or an advantage.
   ▸Golf  a handicap of zero, indicating that a player is good enough to achieve par on a course.
3. a technique, used especially in rap music, of stopping a record by hand and moving it back and forwards to give a rhythmic scratching effect.
4. informal money.

adj.

1. assembled or made from whatever is available.
2. (of a sports competitor or event) with no handicap given.