n.[C]

1. 茎，（树）干，（叶）柄
   Bindweed ran up the stems of the corn.

   旋花缠绕着玉米杆往上长。

2. （工具的）柄，把，杆
3. 高脚酒杯的脚；烟斗柄；手表的转柄
   He bit on the stem of his pipe.

   他咬着烟斗柄。

4. 艏柱；艏材；船头
   The sea ran high, and swept the little craft from stem to stern.

   海面上风急浪高，小船从头至尾都被浪头冲刷着。

5. 【语】词干
6. 血统，家系
   He descended from an ancient stem.

   他出身于一个古老的家系。

vt.

1. 抽去……的梗（或茎）
2. 给……装柄（或把，杆等）
3. 逆……而行；顶着……而上
   When you swim up stream, you have to stem the current.

   当你往上游游的时候，你得顶着水流而上。

vi.

1. 起源于，由……而造成[（+from）]
   The loss stemmed from his recklessness.

   损失是他的鲁莽冒失造成的。

vt.

1. 堵住（水流等），拦住；阻挡，遏止
   Measures have been taken to stem inflation.

   已采取措施抑制通货膨胀。

   I couldn't stem the bleeding.

   我无法止住流血。

2. 把（滑雪屐）向内转

vi.

1. 堵住，止住
2. 把滑雪屐向内转以减速或转向

n.

1. the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub.
   ▸the stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk.
2. a long, thin supportive or main section of something, such as that of a wine glass or tobacco pipe.
3. a rod or cylinder in a mechanism.
4. a vertical stroke in a letter or musical note.
5. Grammar  the root or main part of a word, to which inflections or formative elements are added.
6. the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship.
7. archaic or literary the main line of descent of a family or nation.

v.

1. (stem from) originate in or be caused by.
2. remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves).
3. (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current).

v.

1. stop or restrict (the flow of something).
2. Skiing  slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards in order to turn or slow down.